Civilization's fall blamed on climate change

The mysterious fall of the largest of the world's earliest urban civilizations nearly 4,000 years ago in what is now India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh now appears to have a key culprit ? ancient climate change, researchers say.

Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia may be the best known of the first great urban cultures, but the largest was the Indus or Harappan civilization. This culture once extended over more than 386,000 square miles (1 million square kilometers) across the plains of the Indus River from the Arabian Sea to the Ganges, and at its peak may have accounted for 10 percent of the world population. The civilization developed about 5,200 years ago, and slowly disintegrated between 3,900 and 3,000 years ago ? populations largely abandoned cities, migrating toward the east.

"Antiquity knew about Egypt and Mesopotamia, but the Indus civilization, which was bigger than these two, was completely forgotten until the 1920s," said researcher Liviu Giosan, a geologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts. "There are still many things we don't know about them." [Photos: Life and Death of Ancient Urbanites]

Nearly a century ago, researchers began discovering numerous remains of Harappan settlements along the Indus River and its tributaries, as well as in a vast desert region at the border of India and Pakistan. Evidence was uncovered for sophisticated cities, sea links with Mesopotamia, internal trade routes, arts and crafts, and as-yet undeciphered writing.

"They had cities ordered into grids, with exquisite plumbing, which was not encountered again until the Romans," Giosan told LiveScience. "They seem to have been a more democratic society than Mesopotamia and Egypt ? no large structures were built for important personalities like kings or pharaohs."

Like their contemporaries in Egypt and Mesopotamia, the Harappans, who were named after one of their largest cities, lived next to rivers.

"Until now, speculations abounded about the links between this mysterious ancient culture and its life-giving mighty rivers," Giosan said.

Now Giosan and his colleagues have reconstructed the landscape of the plain and rivers where this long-forgotten civilization developed. Their findings now shed light on the enigmatic fate of this culture.

"Our research provides one of the clearest examples of climate change leading to the collapse of an entire civilization," Giosan said. [How Weather Changed History]

The researchers first analyzed satellite data of the landscape influenced by the Indus and neighboring rivers. From 2003 to 2008, the researchers then collected samples of sediment from the coast of the Arabian Sea into the fertile irrigated valleys of Punjab and the northern Thar Desert to determine the origins and ages of those sediments and develop a timeline of landscape changes.

"It was challenging working in the desert ? temperatures were over 110 degrees Fahrenheit all day long (43 degrees C)," Giosan recalled.

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After collecting data on geological history, "we could re-examine what we know about settlements, what crops people were planting and when, and how both agriculture and settlement patterns changed," said researcher Dorian Fuller, an archaeologist with University College London. "This brought new insights into the process of eastward population shift, the change towards many more small farming communities, and the decline of cities during late Harappan times."

Some had suggested that the Harappan heartland received its waters from a large glacier-fed Himalayan river, thought by some to be the Sarasvati, a sacred river of Hindu mythology. However, the researchers found that only rivers fed by monsoon rains flowed through the region.

Previous studies suggest the Ghaggar, an intermittent river that flows only during strong monsoons, may best approximate the location of the Sarasvati. Archaeological evidence suggested the river, which dissipates into the desert along the dried course of Hakra Valley, was home to intensive settlement during Harappan times.

"We think we settled a long controversy about the mythic Sarasvati River," Giosan said.

Initially, the monsoon-drenched rivers the researchers identified were prone to devastating floods. Over time, monsoons weakened, enabling agriculture and civilization to flourish along flood-fed riverbanks for nearly 2,000 years.

"The insolation ? the solar energy received by the Earth from the sun ? varies in cycles, which can impact monsoons," Giosan said. "In the last 10,000 years, the Northern Hemisphere had the highest insolation from 7,000 to 5,000 years ago, and since then insolation there decreased. All climate on Earth is driven by the sun, and so the monsoons were affected by the lower insolation, decreasing in force. This meant less rain got into continental regions affected by monsoons over time." [50 Amazing Facts About Earth]

Eventually, these monsoon-based rivers held too little water and dried up, making them unfavorable for civilization.

"The Harappans were an enterprising people taking advantage of a window of opportunity ? a kind of 'Goldilocks civilization,'" Giosan said.

Eventually, over the course of centuries, Harappans apparently fled along an escape route to the east toward the Ganges basin, where monsoon rains remained reliable.

"We can envision that this eastern shift involved a change to more localized forms of economy ? smaller communities supported by local rain-fed farming and dwindling streams," Fuller said. "This may have produced smaller surpluses, and would not have supported large cities, but would have been reliable."

This change would have spelled disaster for the cities of the Indus, which were built on the large surpluses seen during the earlier, wetter era. The dispersal of the population to the east would have meant there was no longer a concentrated workforce to support urbanism.

"Cities collapsed, but smaller agricultural communities were sustainable and flourished," Fuller said. "Many of the urban arts, such as writing, faded away, but agriculture continued and actually diversified."

These findings could help guide future archaeological explorations of the Indus civilization. Researchers can now better guess which settlements might have been more significant, based on their relationships with rivers, Giosan said.

It remains uncertain how monsoons will react to modern climate change. "If we take the devastating floods that caused the largest humanitarian disaster in Pakistan's history as a sign of increased monsoon activity, than this doesn't bode well for the region," Giosan said. "The region has the largest irrigation scheme in the world, and all those dams and channels would become obsolete in the face of the large floods an increased monsoon would bring."

The scientists detailed their findings online Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Greek experts find Roman wrecks nearly a mile deep

Broken ancient pottery from the wreck of a 3rd century AD Roman-era ship found 1.2 kilometers deep off the western coast of Greece is seen in this undated photo issued by Greek Culture Ministry on Tuesday, May 29, 2012. Greece's culture ministry says an undersea survey ahead of the sinking of a Greek-Italian gas pipe has discovered the deepest-known shipwrecks in the Mediterranean. A ministry statement Tuesday said the two Roman-era wrecks found far offshore also disprove the generally accepted theory that ancient shipmasters stuck to coastal waters rather than risking open-sea routes. (AP Photo/Greek Culture Ministry)

Broken ancient pottery from the wreck of a 3rd century AD Roman-era ship found 1.2 kilometers deep off the western coast of Greece is seen in this undated photo issued by Greek Culture Ministry on Tuesday, May 29, 2012. Greece's culture ministry says an undersea survey ahead of the sinking of a Greek-Italian gas pipe has discovered the deepest-known shipwrecks in the Mediterranean. A ministry statement Tuesday said the two Roman-era wrecks found far offshore also disprove the generally accepted theory that ancient shipmasters stuck to coastal waters rather than risking open-sea routes. (AP Photo/Greek Culture Ministry)

(AP) ? Two Roman-era shipwrecks have been found in deep water off a western Greek island, challenging the conventional theory that ancient shipmasters stuck to coastal routes rather than risking the open sea, an official said Tuesday.

Greece's culture ministry said the two third-century wrecks were discovered earlier this month during a survey of an area where a Greek-Italian gas pipeline is to be sunk. They lay between 1.2 and 1.4 kilometers (0.7-0.9 miles) deep in the sea between Corfu and Italy.

That would place them among the deepest known ancient wrecks in the Mediterranean, apart from remains found in 1999 of an older vessel some 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) deep off Cyprus.

Angeliki Simossi, head of Greece's underwater antiquities department, said sunken ancient ships are generally found 30-40 meters (100-130 feet) deep.

Most scholars believe that ancient traders were unwilling to veer far offshore, unlike warships which were unburdened by ballast and cargo.

"There are many Roman shipwrecks, but these are in deep waters. They were not sailing close to the coast," Simossi said.

"The conventional theory was that, as these were small vessels up to 25 meters (80 feet) long, they did not have the capacity to navigate far from the coast, so that if there was a wreck they would be close enough to the coast to save the crew," she said.

U.S. archaeologist Brendan Foley, who was not involved in the project, said a series of ancient wrecks located far from land over the past 15 years has forced experts to reconsider the coast-hugging theory.

"The Ministry of Culture's latest discoveries are crucial hard data showing the actual patterns of ancient seafaring and commerce," said Foley, a deep water archaeology expert at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts.

Jeffrey Royal, director of the Key West, Florida, based RPM Nautical Foundation, said that in many cases ? as when winds threatened to push ships onto rocks ? ancient mariners made a conscious effort to avoid coastal waters.

Royal, whose foundation has carried out a series of Mediterranean underwater projects, said the depth of such finds is immaterial from an archaeological standpoint.

"In antiquity ships didn't sail around with depth finders and keep track of how deep they were," he said. "It was more how far they were on the surface in relation to land. After 30 meters of depth the boat's safe, so if it's 30 meters (100 feet) or 3,000 meters it's a little irrelevant."

The remains were located during an investigation that covered 200 square kilometers (77 square miles) of seabed off the islands of Corfu and Paxoi.

A Greek oceanographic vessel using side-scan radar and robot submarines took footage of scattered cargo ? storage jars, or amphorae, used to carry foodstuffs and wine ? cooking utensils for the crew, anchors, ballast stones and what could be remains of the wooden ships.

The team also raised samples of pottery and a marble vase.

The one ship was carrying the kind of amphorae produced in north Africa, and Simossi said it might have sailed from there and headed for Greece after a stop in Italy.

Foley said deep wrecks are very important because they are almost always more intact than those found in shallow water.

"So they contain far more archaeological and historical information than other sites," he said in an email. "As a result, the deep sea floor of the Mediterranean is the world's greatest repository for information about the earliest civilizations."

The discovery comes amid Greece's acute financial crisis, which has also taken a toll on funding for archaeology.

Simossi said her department, which monitors a vast area rich in ancient wrecks and sunken settlements, had its staff reduced by half because of non-renewed contracts and retirees who were not replaced.

"There were 89 of us and there are 45 left," she said. "We are fighting tooth and claw to keep afloat."

Associated Press

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Top Pediatrics Group Takes Aim at Controversial 'Disorder'

Woody Sims was a gifted boy. His mother said he began reading at a very early age, and he was a bright student in preschool.

To those around him, his development in his early years seemed normal. But in his college essay, Woody, now 18 years old, described a childhood experience marked by "deep fears of loud noises, cooked carrots and handwriting.

"I was over-stimulated, which meant I couldn't handle certain textures, and freaked out at loud noises," Woody wrote in his essay. "I also had problems managing tasks with multi-sensory inputs, like handwriting and catching a ball. These sensory problems meant that sports, driving, and concerts would all be things I couldn't ever do or see without a great deal of difficulty."

For Woody, the diagnosis of sensory processing disorder, or SPD for short, came very early, at age 4. His mother, Pam Sims, had arranged for him to be tested for his school's gifted program. It was the tester who informed her that he believed her son fit the bill for the disorder.

"We thought his physical development stuff was more related to his height," said Pam Sims, now 52, of Denver, Colo. "We didn't know anything about sensory processing disorder."

In a coincidence that Pam Sims calls a "luck of the draw," a center devoted to the research and treatment of this disorder happened to be located in Denver, where they live. It was here, at the STAR Center, that Woody engaged in sensory-based therapies aimed at improving his coordination and social and interactive therapies to help him deal with stimuli in his environment that he found harsh and jarring.

"It is amazing what it did for him," Pam Sims said. "As time went on, we had more treatments. We stopped when he was about 7 or 8 years old, as he had learned to regulate himself."

Stories like Woody's appear to support the existence of SPD -- and there are many such stories. Nevertheless, solid research confirming the existence of SPD is in far shorter supply, many in the medical community say. And on Monday, it would seem that new recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics have dealt another blow to the legitimacy of SPD. Specifically, the AAP recommends, "At this time, pediatricians should not use sensory processing disorder as a diagnosis."

The recommendations also suggest to pediatricians that they inform families that the evidence for sensory-based therapies is limited and that outcomes from these therapies should be monitored closely.

"I think the academy statement reinforces the decision that there is not enough information at this time to conclude that this is a distinct disorder," said Dr. Michelle Zimmer, a professor in the UC Department of Pediatrics and a lead author of the recommendations. "Moving forward, there needs to be a lot more research in this field."

Dr. Larry Desch, director of developmental pediatrics at Advocate Health Care and also a lead author on the recommendations, said that he did not anticipate that the recommendation would be well-received among parents and doctors who believe sensory processing disorder should have its own place as an official condition.

"I think they'll be unhappy, some of them," he said. "But I'm hoping it will lead to more research studies being done."

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Girling home health - HEALTH, BEAUTY & FITNESS

 Girling home health25, 800 teenagers in Virginia would have the ability to access affordable healthcare with the health insurance plans of the parents. When selecting lettuce for dietary value, apparently, iceberg is at the end from the list, but nonetheless provides extensive healthy benefits therefore it should not be eliminated completely. While you will find arguments about which ones is most significant, the truth is that we have to focus on getting a balance that fits the requirements of the body. Autoimmune thyroiditis affects some good Danes once the defense mechanisms makes antibodies that attack the thyroid. Health information specialists who finish a certified and approved home two- year associate? s degree program and pass the recommended written examination may be eligible for a certification like a girling registered health information specialist. In by doing this you are able to collect the quotes and rates of numerous companies after which compare the rates easily. Aurora Healthcare The Very Best Non- Profit Healthcare Aurora Healthcare offers a number of services for a person to make use of. If current graduation and training rates continue, the U . Any resident signed up for a Pennsylvania school is qualified. In addition, coconut water helps folks dropping pounds by growing the metabolism from the body. 4) Weigh the benefits and disadvantages of selecting to possess your HSA having a provider associated with your wellbeing insurance provider. Would you like to Improve Your Energy? Health Reviews My Health Reviews may be the approaching website which supports the brand new generation to consider maximum information before they get a particular treatment. Difficulty: Moderate Instructions 1) Find out the cast of figures. Getting a respectable diet, working out correctly, taking a natural whole- food multivitamin and going for a natural supply of essential essential fatty acids not just provides you with everything your system needs to feel great however it provides you with everything you have to be as healthy as possible be. Come see what counseled me about and go to Electronic Health Records for Nurse Professionals An internet- based electronic girling home health health records system implies that your costs reduce significantly. Health maintenance organizations ( HMO) provide less expensive care by restricting the amount of healthcare companies. Whatever your condition, you want to help. Shelled www.health.state.ny.us nuts could keep well within the refrigerator inside a tightly sealed container for approximately two several weeks. Statistics demonstrate that ten million women endure existence threatening complications throughout pregnancy and giving birth each year and most 99 % maternal deaths from 536, 000 exist in third world countries. The www.health.state.ny.us issue with cataracts is they result in the contacts from the eyes health girling home health cloudy or opaque. It won? t would you worthwhile to simply blame yourself for the perceived insufficiencies there has to be some logical explanations and methods to your reproductive health problems. Wholesomeness is very important, since as we have pointed out, there is a chance of chronic poisoning for in unrefined seafood oils over extended amounts of time.

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1 in 3 Autistic Young Adults Lack Jobs - Health and Fitness

Autistic Young Adults Lack Jobs, Education

Employment prospects are dim for young adults with autism. Seven years after high school graduation, 35 percent will still have no paid employment experience or higher education, according to a study published Monday in Pediatrics. That?s higher than adults with other disabilities, including those who are mentally disabled. And it?s particularly troubling because more than 500,000 kids with autism will reach adulthood within the next 10 years. ?There is this wave of young children who have been diagnosed with autism who are aging toward adulthood,? study author Paul Shattuck, an assistant professor at Washington University?s Brown School of Social Work in St. Louis, told the Associated Press. ?We?re kind of setting ourselves up for a scary situation if we don?t think about that and how we?re going to help these folks and their families.? People with autism may not be able to hold down a job because they have trouble socializing, which affects their ability to read social cues, deal with the public, and get along with their coworkers. Specialized job training programs and instruction in social cues could ease the transition into adulthood for autistic teens, the study authors suggest.

Signs Your Child Could Have Autism

With the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reporting that one in every 88 children has autism?up from one in 156 in 2002?you might be wondering how to recognize the signs and symptoms of the developmental disorder.

While it?s not clear what?s driving the uptick in prevalence, and the precise causes of autism are still unknown, experts are calling for earlier diagnosis. ?We have to get this down to 18 months of age to truly have the greatest impact,? says Thomas Frieden, director of the CDC. Doctors have gotten better at identifying autism symptoms in younger children?four is the average age of diagnosis?but ?four years old is still too late,? he says. Frieden stresses that the earlier a child is identified with autism, the more likely it is that behavioral intervention will make the disability more manageable. Parents may be able to spot symptoms of autism before a child?s first birthday, says Coleen Boyle, who heads up the CDC?s National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. ?Parents know their child best, but if they do have concerns, the important thing is not to wait [to seek help],? she says. Susan Hyman, who chairs the American Academy of Pediatrics subcommittee on autism, strongly recommends having children screened by a child development specialist at 18, 24, and 30 months. [Read more: Signs Your Child Could Have Autism]

Do You Have What it Takes to Live to 100?

The raw number of centenarians in America is increasing. Fast. In fact, they are one of the fastest-growing demographic groups in the country. Currently, there are about 70,000 Americans who have reached the elusive 100 mark, but that number is expected to rise to about 600,000 by 2050, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

What is it that keeps their bodies humming along decades longer than average? In recent years, results from studies of centenarians have begun to offer answers, and it looks increasingly like there?s no simple cause that confers extreme longevity?be it genetics, lifestyle, or personality?and no (at least at this point) quick fix or pill that?s guaranteed to get you to 100.

But the research has revealed some telling clues about what it takes to reach three digits. First, women have a distinct advantage. About 85 percent of centenarians are women, and among an even more select group of supercentenarians (people 110 or older) the number jumps to about 90 percent. The men who do survive to 100, however, tend to be healthier and more fit than their female counterparts, perhaps because women are better at managing age-related illnesses like cardiovascular disease and cancer. [Read more: Do You Have What it Takes to Live to 100?]

Angela Haupt is a health reporter for U.S. News World Report. You can follow her on Twitter or reach her at ahaupt@usnews.com.?

Follow U.S. News Health on Twitter and find us on Facebook.

Article source: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/articles/2012/05/15/health-buzz-1-in-3-a...

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Laziness, Outsourcing & The Path To The Top | Offshore ...

Business Outsourcing

I have heard the quote ?There?s no elevator to success, we have to take the stairs? on numerous occasions in my life. As I continued my journey towards becoming a successful and independent businesswoman, it soon became one of my favourite sayings. There is no shortcut to success. You need to graft, be innovative, inspirational and determined.

Personally, I went down many avenues trying to uncover the secrets to business success. Soon, I discovered that while there are no magical solutions, there are a few basic truths that we all must learn in order to reach our respective goals. One is that working for someone else is one of the most ineffective ways of becoming wealthy or successful.

Secondly, outsourcing is a business solution that can eventually see you overseeing something of a business empire. Although we need to work hard to ?make it?, trying to do it all by ourselves is guaranteed to end in disaster. Instead of spending long hours completing projects, I spent this time learning how to make contacts around the globe as well as figuring out how to hire the best freelance workers.

Now, I am in charge of numerous businesses but don?t need to be ever-present. I still work hard but this graft is bearing fruit because I learned how to increase the number of projects I was in charge of without being directly involved! Outsourcing is no magic tool though with the results it provides, you may start to think otherwise! I explain the world of outsourcing in great detail in my eBook, To Be Rich Be Lazy www.toberichbelazy.com . While we can?t be lazy on the road to success, we may find that the more successful we become, the less work we perform.


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Is There a More Awesome Combination Than Pizza and Animated Gifs? Doubt It [Video]

If you've ever had one of those days when you're blindly poking around the internet, wondering what value the world wide web really has to offer, this is your answer. Visionary Andrew Salomone has created a tutorial on making animated gifs and pizza at the same time. More »


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Real Estate in Louisville Ky and Remodeling

Real Estate in Louisville KY.? Remodeling

We will diverge slightly from the economic news from the past four blogs and talk about a subject that was a hot topic of conversation with a sub-contractor who is involved with selling Real Estate in Louisville KY.Remodeling.

The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) reports that remodeling of kitchen and bathrooms are increasing. I found this very interesting.? Based on a current survey, home remodeling has seen an increase over remodeling in 2010.? Bathroom remodeling jobs have a slight an edge over kitchen remodeling projects (maybe simply because the price of a kitchen remodel is usually higher than a bathroom remodel).

Can you guess why the remodeling trend is on an upswing? The trend of elevated home remodeling can be caused by quite a few factors.? No one really knows for sure but my guess is: Homeowners are choosing to stay in their houses longer.? This choice means that instead of moving, homeowners are choosing to remain in their current home and remodel it to make it more live able and comfortable.? Less discontent means less desire to find a new home.? Giving a house a face lift means the homeowners will appreciate living in their home much more. Homeowners are finding it is being suggested to them ? that they update the look of their home prior to putting it on the market.? Sellers are updating their house to help it compete in the Louisville real estate market.? This can mean more than just ?home staging?.? It can mean replacing out dated construction with new more modern construction that can change the feel of their house.?? Buyers are searching for that sleek, updated look. This survey is yet another indicator of today?s real estate marketplace. NOW is the time to purchase.? A buyer will most likely be able to buy a home that has been recently updated and upgraded over the last ninety days.??Realtors say this is?a huge advantage over a tight market.

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COF_: Bill Gates and India Tycoons to Meet in Bangalore on Giving http://t.co/MhHtQTFk

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CAPM: The first factor of investing | Aspen Daily News Online

A group of our advisors attended a conference this past fall sponsored by Dimensional Fund Advisors. In his talk, ?Risk Dimensions of the Market,? Eugene F. Fama reviewed the latest data on the Fama-French three-factor model for investment returns.

Modeling investment returns seeks to find an equation to predict your expected returns as much as possible. The simplest equation for the markets would be ?Return equals 11.71 percent.? This has been the average return from 1927 through 2010, the zero factor model. Put your money in the market, and you will get, on average, 11.71 percent annually.

The one-factor model, called the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), was developed in the early 1960s. William Sharpe, Harry Markowitz and Merton Miller won the Nobel Prize in economics for this work. CAPM adds a single factor to the equation: risk as measured by standard deviation.

CAPM claims that the riskier the stock, the greater its expected return. Historical analysis provides evidence of how much. The CAPM formula says that the 11.71-percent returns of the market are actually a risk-free return of 3.67 percent plus a premium of 8.04 percent that investors require to take the risks in an inherently volatile stock market.

CAPM goes on to state that although the average premium for investing in the market is 8.04 percent, the premium is higher on more volatile stocks and lower on less volatile stocks. In other words, investors demand and receive a higher expected return for more volatile stocks. The sensitivity of a stock to market volatility is called ?beta.?

The beta of a stock measures the likely movement of a specific investment against the actual movement of the market. If the x-axis is the movement of the market and the y-axis is the movement of a specific investment, a line can be graphed of the average for all the movements of the market and the corresponding movements of a specific investment. The formula for the expected return of an investment is the risk-free return plus the stock?s beta times the risk premium.

For example, a stock with a beta of 2.0 will go up twice the market premium when the stock market goes up. But it will go down twice as much when the market goes down. Because the market generally trends upward, this stock has a higher expected return. A stock with a beta of only 0.5 will be less volatile but also have a lower expected return.

Individual stocks do not follow these trends exactly. They are only aggregate trends. The more heavily diversified you are and the longer you are invested in the markets, the more your experience will coincide with market averages. But the general idea that systematic risk and average return go together is the important lesson for investing.

Three caveats to note: Systematic risk is undiversifiable market risk. Many investment schemes involve specific risks that can and should be avoided. Also, typically the market is measured by the S&P 500, which ignores the fact that this index only represents a portion of the investable markets. Finally, your experience of market returns is diminished by the fees and expenses of your investment vehicles. Hidden costs are often a significant drag on your specific portfolio investments.

There is no such thing as a safe investment that pays market rates of return. Safe investments average 3.67 percent annually. If you want the other 8.04 percent, you must be willing to put your money at risk. You can and should be prudent, but there is no guarantee that you will get all your money back. The general principle is that risk follows return.

CAPM is the one-factor model for investment returns. Next week we will add two more factors that help explain more of the variance of specific investments against general market returns. In the meantime, we learn from CAPM that the markets are inherently volatile but also very profitable. Historically, the market has paid a premium for risk. And although we cannot avoid systemic risk, we can steer clear of specific risks and high fees and expenses.

David John Marotta is President of Marotta Wealth Management, Inc. of Charlottesville providing fee-only financial planning and wealth management at www.emarotta.com and blogging at www.marottaonmoney.com. Questions to be answered in the column should be sent to questions@emarotta.com or Marotta Wealth Management, Inc., One Village Green Circle, Suite 100, Charlottesville, VA 22903-4619.

Source: http://www.aspendailynews.com/section/home/152358

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